EU: Once approved, legislation is signed into law by the President of the European Parliament and the President of the Council. The process of transposing the EU legislation into national law can then formally start. A transposition deadline of 2 years is generally set.

US: Once approved by Congress/state legislature and the president/state governor, a bill is signed into law.

EU: The Council & Parliament simultaneously, but separately, review and vote on the proposed legislation. Then, through a series of "readings" they come together to consolidate the suggested amendments - creating a common position. This stage can last between 13 -31 months.

US: A federal bill is put before the chamber in which it was initially proposed, in order to be researched, amended, and voted on. Once passed, the bill goes over to the other body of Congress and a similar process will follow. Both chambers of Congress must agree on identical versions of the same bill before it is presented to the president for signature. The president can approve or veto the bill.

At the state level, a bill is reviewed by the state legislature and signed by the state governor.

EU: Legislation is presented by the European Commission to the Council of the European Union & European Parliament. The Commission has the exclusive right to initiate a legislative process.

US: A bill is introduced to Congress, in either the House of Representatives or the Senate. Anyone can write a bill, but only members of Congress can introduce and sponsor it.

EU: An "Impact Assessment" will be made by the European Commission and many stakeholders, including experts, NGOs, national businesses, and individuals will be asked for feedback.

US: Ideas for bills or legislation can come from individuals and advocacy groups, or Congress members themselves.